What does annexation mean?
What does annexation mean?
Annexation, a formal act whereby a state proclaims its sovereignty over territory hitherto outside its domain. Unlike cession, whereby territory is given or sold through treaty, annexation is a unilateral act made effective by actual possession and legitimized by general recognition.
What does attenuation mean in radiology?
Attenuation is the reduction of the intensity of an x-ray beam as it traverses matter. The reduction may be caused by absorption or by deflection (scatter) of photons from the beam and can be affected by different factors such as beam energy and atomic number of the absorber.
Why is attenuation important?
Optics. Attenuation in fiber optics, also known as transmission loss, is the reduction in intensity of the light beam (or signal) with respect to distance travelled through a transmission medium. Attenuation is an important factor limiting the transmission of a digital signal across large distances.
What is Hypoattenuation on CT?
Definition. Describes areas on an x-ray or CT scan that show up as whiter or brighter than normal. [
What does attenuation on CT mean?
Attenuation is the measurement of energy absorbed and deflected as it passes through a medium. In simpler terms, attenuation is how much stopping power a material has on energy.
What shows up white on a CT scan?
Bone absorbs the most X-rays, so the skull appears white on the image. Water (in the cerebral ventricles or fluid-filled cavities in the middle of the brain) absorbs little, and appears black. Most ischemic strokes are less dense (darker) than normal brain, whereas blood in hemorrhage is denser and looks white on CT.
What is high attenuation on CT scan?
Areas of high attenuation (visually as opaque as bony structures) in an abnormality on CT scans can be an important clue to the correct diagnosis. The high attenuation is most often caused by calcification, but may also be due to iodine, barium, or radiopaque foreign bodies.
What does Hypoattenuation mean?
Hypoattenuation means that it appears darker than it should be on the scan. The vague modifier implies it is hard to completely define and delineate, and/or may only really be visible by looking at the whole image at once.
What does Hypodense mean on CT scan?
low density
What does a nodular liver mean?
Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a tumor-like growth made up of several cell types (hepatocytes, bile duct cells, and connective tissue cells). Although FNH tumors are benign, they might cause symptoms.
Are spleen lesions common?
Splenic hemangioma is congenital and is the most common benign lesion of the spleen. It is typically an incidental finding, most often occurring in adults between 30 and 50 years of age (16). The prevalence of splenic hemangioma at autopsy ranges from 0.3% to 14%.
Are lesions on the spleen serious?
Hypodense splenic lesions are frequently encountered on abdominal CT images. Although most hypodense lesions of the spleen can be considered benign, some findings and clinical conditions warrant closer attention to the lesion.
What does it mean when you have lesions on your spleen?
In the immunocompromised patient, multiple small splenic lesions usually represent disseminated fungal disease and microabscesses. The spleen is a relatively rare site for metastatic disease; patients with metastatic lesions in the spleen usually have disease in other sites as well.
Do cysts in spleen go away?
Small asymptomatic splenic cysts are common and do not require treatment or follow-up. Axial CECT demonstrates a splenic cyst with a thick peripheral rim of calcification in a patient with a prior history of trauma. Splenic cysts often result from prior trauma or splenic hematoma.
Is it bad to have a cyst on your spleen?
Abstract. Cysts and tumors of the spleen are rare and are often discovered fortuitously. They are most often asymptomatic but may present with abdominal pain in the left upper quadrant.
What can happen if a cyst is left untreated?
If left untreated, benign cysts can cause serious complications including: Infection – the cyst fills with bacteria and pus, and becomes an abscess. If the abscess bursts inside the body, there is a risk of blood poisoning (septicaemia).
What happens if you have a cyst on your spleen?
Although a significant percentage of splenic cysts are asymptomatic, larger cysts may cause vague upper abdominal pain as a result of capsular distention or pressure on adjacent organs. Major complications like hemorrhage into the cyst or peritonitis secondary to cyst rupture are rare.
How do they remove a cyst from your spleen?
Superficially located cysts should be treated by laparoscopic marsupialization or fenestration. Cysts located deep in the poles of the spleen should be managed by partial splenectomy, which is the treatment of choice. Laparoscopic partial splenectomy should be performed by experienced surgeons.
What does a swollen spleen feel like?
Pain or fullness in the left upper abdomen that may spread to the left shoulder. Feeling full without eating or after eating only a small amount from the enlarged spleen pressing on your stomach. Anemia. Fatigue.
How do you get cysts on your kidneys?
It’s not clear what causes simple kidney cysts. One theory suggests that kidney cysts develop when the surface layer of the kidney weakens and forms a pouch (diverticulum). The pouch then fills with fluid, detaches and develops into a cyst.
Should I worry about a cyst on my kidney?
Most simple kidney cysts are harmless and don’t cause problems. If a cyst grows, sclerotherapy or surgery can remove it without any long-term complications. Polycystic kidney disease can be more serious. Without treatment, PKD can cause complications such as high blood pressure and kidney failure.
Can Apple cider vinegar get rid of cysts?
Apple cider vinegar It may help with cysts to a limited extent. There are no studies showing apple cider vinegar reduces cysts or removes them. But, like tea tree oil, apple cider vinegar is shown to be antimicrobial. More specifically, the acetic acids in it are antimicrobial, according to one in vitro study.
When should I worry about a kidney cyst?
Sometimes, a cyst grows large enough to affect the kidneys or press on other organs, causing pain in the side or stomach. Occasionally, a simple kidney cyst becomes infected or bleeds, causing pain, fever, or blood in the urine (hematuria). In that case, it may need to be removed or drained.
Is a 2.5 cm kidney cyst big?
However, if a suspicious mass or complex cyst is larger than 2.5cm, treatment is typically offered. Treatment for renal masses is predominately surgical.
What are the symptoms of a kidney cyst?
Kidney Cyst Symptoms
- Pain in your side, back, or upper abdomen if they enlarge and press on other organs.
- Fever, chills, or other signs of infection.
- Blood in your urine.
- Blocked blood or urine flow through your kidneys (rare)
- Impaired kidney function (rare)
How do I get rid of a cyst on my kidney?
Options include:
- Puncturing and draining the cyst, then filling it with alcohol. Rarely, to shrink the cyst, your doctor inserts a long, thin needle through your skin and through the wall of the kidney cyst.
- Surgery to remove the cyst. A large or symptomatic cyst may require surgery to drain and remove it.
