How does compartmentalization help the rough ER?
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How does compartmentalization help the rough ER?
The Golgi body is also near the rough ER for packaging and redistributing. Likewise, intracellular compartmentalization allows specific sites of related eukaryotic cell functions isolated from other processes and therefore efficient.
What is the endosymbiont hypothesis?
The endosymbiotic theory states that some of the organelles in today’s eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes. They eventually lost their cell wall and much of their DNA because they were not of benefit within the host cell. Mitochondria and chloroplasts cannot grow outside their host cell.
Do mitochondria have DNA?
Mitochondria are structures within cells that convert the energy from food into a form that cells can use. Although most DNA is packaged in chromosomes within the nucleus, mitochondria also have a small amount of their own DNA. This genetic material is known as mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA.
How did mitochondria originate?
Mitochondria originated by a endosymbiotic event when a bacterium was captured by a eukaryotic cell. Two changes must have occurred as the bacterium became integrated into the recipient cell and evolved into the mitochondrion (or chloroplast).
Does mitochondria come from mother or father?
A tenet of elementary biology is that mitochondria — the cell’s powerhouses — and their DNA are inherited exclusively from mothers. A provocative study suggests that fathers also occasionally contribute.
Why can’t mitochondria live on their own?
Mitochondria that carry out aerobic respiration have their own genomes, with genes similar to those in alpha-proteobacteria. However, many of the genes for respiratory proteins are located in the nucleus. This loss of genes by the endosymbiont is probably one explanation why mitochondria cannot live without a host.
Why are mitochondria so important?
Present in nearly all types of human cell, mitochondria are vital to our survival. They generate the majority of our adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. Mitochondria are also involved in other tasks, such as signaling between cells and cell death, otherwise known as apoptosis.
