What is drug abuse and its effect?

What is drug abuse and its effect?

Seizures, stroke, mental confusion and brain damage. Lung disease. Problems with memory, attention and decision-making, which make daily living more difficult. Global effects of drugs on the body, such as breast development in men and increases in body temperature, which can lead to other health problems.

What is meant by drug abuse?

The use of illegal drugs or the use of prescription or over-the-counter drugs for purposes other than those for which they are meant to be used, or in excessive amounts. Drug abuse may lead to social, physical, emotional, and job-related problems.

What are the causes and consequences of drug abuse?

Drug abuse can affect several aspects of a person’s physical and psychological health. Certain drugs can lead to drowsiness and slow breathing, while others may cause insomnia, paranoia, or hallucinations. Chronic drug use is associated with cardiovascular, kidney, and liver disease.

What are the major causes of drug abuse?

Certain factors can affect the likelihood and speed of developing an addiction:

• Family history of addiction. Drug addiction is more common in some families and likely involves genetic predisposition.
• Mental health disorder.
• Peer pressure.
• Lack of family involvement.
• Early use.
• Taking a highly addictive drug.

How do drugs enter the body?

How Drugs Enter The Body (1) Oral Administration – substance is ingested through the mouth – digested and absorbed in gastrointestinal tract – passes through liver – carried to the brain through the circulatory system.

How do drugs reach the brain?

How do drugs work in the brain? Drugs interfere with the way neurons send, receive, and process signals via neurotransmitters. Some drugs, such as marijuana and heroin, can activate neurons because their chemical structure mimics that of a natural neurotransmitter in the body.

What is the difference between medicine and drug of abuse?

How is drug misuse different from drug abuse? The key difference between a person who misuses drugs and a person who abuses drugs is their intent. The former takes a drug to treat a specific ailment, whereas the latter uses a drug to elicit certain feelings.

What are the 8 routes of drug administration?

• Oral route. Many drugs can be administered orally as liquids, capsules, tablets, or chewable tablets.
• Injection routes. Administration by injection (parenteral administration) includes the following routes:
• Sublingual and buccal routes.
• Rectal route.
• Vaginal route.
• Ocular route.
• Otic route.
• Nasal route.

Which is the best route of drug administration?

• Oral administration. This is the most frequently used route of drug administration and is the most convenient and economic.
• Sublingual.
• Rectal administration.
• Topical administration.
• Parenteral administration.
• Intravenous injection.

What is the fastest route of absorption for a drug?

inhalation

What is the slowest route to feel an effect of a drug?

Swallowing a drug is a relatively slow method of taking a drug. After the drug is swallowed, it is dissolved in the stomach and then absorbed into the bloodstream from the linings of the stomach and later, the small intestine.

What is absorption of a drug?

Drug absorption is the movement of a drug into the bloodstream after administration. (See also Introduction to Administration and Kinetics of Drugs.) Absorption affects bioavailability—how quickly and how much of a drug reaches its intended target (site) of action.

Can you just swallow a sublingual pill?

If you are using the sublingual tablet: Do not cut, crush, chew, or swallow it. Place the tablet under the tongue until it is dissolved. If you take 2 or more tablets at a time, place all of the tablets in different places under the tongue at the same time.

Is it bad to let pills dissolve in your mouth?

Eating will stretch your mouth and throat, stimulate saliva release to help things glide down, and suppress the gag reflex. Swallow the pill quickly. If you let it sit on your tongue for awhile, it may start to dissolve, emitting a bitter taste that will trigger your gag reflex.

Is it OK to let pills dissolve in your mouth?

Some over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medicines can be cut, crushed, chewed, opened, mixed with jelly, or dissolved prior to taking them. But other specific forms of medicines must be swallowed whole and are not safe to cut, crush, chew, open, or dissolve.

Why do pills not dissolve in stomach?

Not all drugs are meant to be dissolved in the stomach, because the acidic environment can interfere with the drug’s potency. If a medication does not dissolve in the stomach, it is usually the job of the juices inside the large intestine to break it down, before it is further metabolised.

Can I dissolve pill in water?

Some tablets can be dissolved or dispersed in a glass of water. If you are not sure if your child’s tablets can be dissolved, speak with your child’s doctor or pharmacist. Dissolve or disperse the tablet in a small glass of water and then add some fruit juice or squash to hide the taste.

Why do I gag every time I take a pill?

Your body instinctively knows when something has been chewed enough to be swallowed. When something too large poses a choking risk, it activates your gag reflex. Some people suffer from a hypersensitive gag reflex, but for many adults, the pill-swallowing problem stems from a mental block.

Is it OK to crush ibuprofen?

Swallow the tablet whole. Do not break, crush, divide, or chew it. This medicine contains ibuprofen. Do not take this medicine with other products containing ibuprofen.

What should I do if I can’t swallow a pill?

Fill a plastic water or soda bottle with water. Put the tablet on your tongue and close your lips tightly around the bottle opening. Take a drink, keeping contact between the bottle and your lips and using a sucking motion to swallow the water and pill. Don’t let air get into the bottle.

What medication Cannot be crushed?

1 Most of the no-crush medications are sustained-release, oral-dosage formulas. The majority of extended-release products should not be crushed or chewed, although there are some newer slow-release tablet formulations available that are scored and can be divided or halved (e.g., Toprol XL).

What does it mean when I can’t swallow?

Difficulty swallowing is also called dysphagia. It is usually a sign of a problem with your throat or esophagus—the muscular tube that moves food and liquids from the back of your mouth to your stomach.

Can a pill get stuck?

Pills will most likely become stuck in a person’s cricopharyngeus muscle, or the sphincter at the top of the esophagus. People who have disorders involving this muscle often have difficulty swallowing pills. Young children and seniors often have the most trouble swallowing pills.