What are the three major types of incompatibilities?

What are the three major types of incompatibilities?

It is of three types. It includes physical, chemical and therapeutic incompatibilities. The below described article gives the detailed information about the types, causes and how to overcome these types of incompatibilities.

Why does incompatibility occur in a prescription?

B] CHEMICAL INCOMPATIBILITY DEFINITION: It may be as a result of chemical interactions between the ingredients of a prescription & a toxic or inactive product may be formed.  It is due to oxidation-reduction, acid base hydrolysis or combination reactions. A chemical reaction between drug-drug or drug-additives.

What are some of the causes of IV drug incompatibility?

Factors affecting compatibility

• order of mixing. Chemical changes occur after each drug is added, so the order of mixing is an issue if more than one drug is being added to an I.V.
• drug concentration. The higher the drug concentration, the more likely an incompatibility will develop.
• contact time.
• temperature.
• pH.

What is tolerated chemical incompatibility?

A ) Tolerated : In tolerated incompatibilities,the chemical interaction can be minimised by changing the order of mixing or mixing the solutions in dilute forms but no. alteration is made in the formulation.

What is the posology?

(pəˈsɒlədʒɪ) n. (Medicine) the branch of medicine concerned with the determination of appropriate doses of drugs or agents.

What is the essence of posology in pharmacy?

Posology: (Derived from the greek◊ Posos-how much, and logos- science) is the branch of pharmacology dealing with doses. Dose: Is the quantitative amount administered or taken by a patient for the intended medicinal effect.

What are the factors affecting Posology?

• Age.
• Idiosyncrasy. Sex. Tolerance. Body Weigh. Tachyphylaxis. Route of Administration. Metabolic disturbance. 5.Time of Administration. Environmental Factors.
• Doses proportionate to age:
• Age.
• Species. Sex. Character of drug. Body Weigh. Route of Administration. Time of Administration. Environmental Factors. Habit. Rate of elimination.

What is Posology in homeopathy?

Posology – Potency – Dose – Repetition of dose. References.

How do I choose homeopathic potency?

The drug strength appears after the name with a numeral followed by an X or C. Since X is the Roman numeral for 10, a 6X potency states that the drug has been diluted at a ratio of 1 to 10 and succussed for a total of six times. In C terms, the concentration ratio is 1 to 100 (C is the Roman numeral for 100).

What is Clark’s formula?

Clark’s rule equation is defined as the weight of the patient in pounds divided by the average standard weight of one hundred fifty pounds multiplied by the adult dose of a drug equals the pediatric medication dose, as is demonstrated below: (Weight* divided by 150 lbs.) x Adult Dose** = Pediatric Dosage.

What are the factors affecting drug action?

Factors affecting drug action

• Age Factors.
• Aged.
• Body Weight.
• Child.
• Drug Interactions.
• Drug Tolerance.
• Female.
• Genetics, Medical.

What is Young’s formula?

The definition of Young’s Rule is the age of the patient, divided by the age added to twelve, all multiplied by the recommended adult dose. This formula appears below: [Age / (Age + 12)] x Recommended Adult Dose = Pediatric Dose.

How are pediatric doses calculated?

Most drugs in children are dosed according to body weight (mg/kg) or body surface area (BSA) (mg/m2). Care must be taken to properly convert body weight from pounds to kilograms (1 kg= 2.2 lb) before calculating doses based on body weight.

What does titration mean in pharmacy?

Titration is a way to limit potential side effects by taking time to see how your body will react to a drug. In titration, the medication is started at a low dose. Every couple of weeks, the dose is raised (“up-titrated”) until the maximum effective dose (“target dose”) has been achieved or side effects occur.

Why are pediatric doses calculated by weight instead of age?

Obese children can be dosed using ideal body weight and the dose adjusted based on clinical effect. They are at higher risk of toxicity from drugs such as paracetamol that do not distribute into fat, if actual weight is used to calculate the dose.

How does weight affect drug effectiveness?

“In patients with extra body weight, the drugs may not get to those optimal levels, as there is more body mass for the drug to saturate,” he explains. Other changes that result from obesity can also affect how quickly drugs are broken down or eliminated from the body.

Why is pediatric dosing important?

Pediatric patients experience unique differences from the adult population in pharmacokinetic parameters and, consequently, require individualized dosing. Medications useful in pediatric medicine often lack a therapeutic indication and dosing guideline for this population.

Do you go by weight or age for ibuprofen?

24-35 lbs. 36-47 lbs. 48-59 lbs. 60-71 lbs….Ibuprofen Dosages By Weight.

Age/Weight	Ibuprofen Infant Drops (50 mg/1.25 ml)
Under 6 months old	Ask your doctor
12-17 lbs. (6-11 months)	1.25 ml
18-23 lbs. (12-23 months)	1.875 ml

Can I take two 800 mg ibuprofen at once?

Do not take more than your recommended dose. An ibuprofen overdose can damage your stomach or intestines. The maximum amount of ibuprofen for adults is 800 milligrams per dose or 3200 mg per day (4 maximum doses). Use only the smallest amount of ibuprofen needed to get relief from your pain, swelling, or fever.

Can I Give My 8 year old ibuprofen?

Children can take ibuprofen as: a liquid syrup – from the age of 3 months. tablets and capsules – from the age of 7 years. chewable tablets – from the age of 7 years.

Is ibuprofen safe for babies?

DO NOT give ibuprofen to children under 6 months of age, unless directed by your provider. You should also check with your provider before giving ibuprofen to children under age 2 years or less than 12 pounds or 5.5 kilograms.

Can you give ibuprofen to a 3 month old?

Based on the current evidence, short-term use of ibuprofen is considered safe in infants older than 3 months of age having a body weight above 5-6 kg when special attention is given to the hydration of the patient. Ibuprofen should be prescribed based on body weight using a dose of 5-10 mg/kg.

Why is ibuprofen not safe for infants under 6 months?

They assessed the risk of adverse events following the use of ibuprofen, including gastrointestinal effects, risk of renal failure and Reye’s Syndrome. The study shows ibuprofen is not associated with more side effects in children younger than 6 months compared with those older than 6 months.